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What do the transit plebiscite results actually mean?

July 6th, 2015 · 80 Comments

Oh dear. I come back from Paris, a transit paradise, to this: 62-38 vote against funding new transit through the sales tax.

I have to say, I was surprised by the results. Not that it was No, but that the numbers were so far apart — that means that in months of campaigning, with bus ads and telephone townhalls and you name it, the Yes side was not able to move the dial at all.

And now, the problem is, how to interpret the results. So many possible explanations: just the hate-on for TransLink, antipathy to sales tax, resentment over the way the Vancouver and Surrey mayors grabbed the leadership of the mayors’ council, resentment over the provincial-style, robocalling campaign that the Yes side’s Vision-dominated team ran, not the years needed to really run an effective campaign, a bad plan, people voting No because they thought the plebiscite was a terrible idea, dislike of the plan for a subway for Broadway, dislike of the plan for light rail for Surrey, anger because “transit sucks in my suburb now so why should I pay more.”

Makes it very easy for everyone to draw the conclusion they like.

And now what? I fear that what will happen is a focus by particular politicians and groups on getting the two big mega-projects going — Vancouver and Surrey — which could potentially be paid for, at least in part, through development around the lines. But the rest of the region, which needs buses and upgrades, will get nothing.

 

 

 

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  • Look Deeper

    I hope that we see a reform of the Translink governance structure so that Translink is more accountable to the sources of its funding.

  • Kirk

    Maybe the dial did move. Might’ve been even more lop-sided without all the Yes campaigning.

    I think there’s a missing category of No voters. This is the second most unaffordable place to live in the entire world. It seems like the wealthy urban planning elites can’t just understand that. Not everyone in Vancouver has a daily lattes and takes vacations in Copenhagen. A lot of families in this city have two working parents struggling to just put food on the table. They’ll vote no on any tax increase, especially a regressive one that will hit them the hardest.

    So, again, I remind them, for they seem to be so out of touch. Not everyone here can afford craft beer, food trucks, and music festivals. Again, this is the second most unaffordable city on the ENTIRE planet. Think Hong Kong. Yes, there are a lot of rich people there with fancy Burberry clothes. But, also think people living in cages. Think millions living in squalor. We are just second to that. If all your friends are sipping lattes and shopping at Lululemon, then you obviously need to meet some of the growing numbers of families who are surviving off of the food bank.

    Welcome back, Frances. We behaved this time!

  • AlexB

    You know why? There’s a massive lack of trust in our leaders. I voted No and everyone I know voted No, why? I don’t trust moonbeam, I don’t trust Translink and I don’t trust Christie.

    I belive that Gregor main point for Broadway subway was NOT to actually help people was to enrich the developer supports of his who funded his election. It was and still is planned to sell density along the line so developers could extend their condo building machine, selling to foreigners, for a decade longer! The clear indication that the line was just a tool for it, is the fact that it was NOT even going all the way to UBC, now tell me what part of it makes sense?

    Another reason was everyone was afraid that the extra 0.5 may have been increased without any consultation and there was no language stopping that.

    Last, many from smaller regions got next to nothing for the extra tax! Duh! Why would they support an Elitist tax who benefited the select few and offered such voters nothing!

  • AlexB

    Absolutely right! Tax the frraking developers, tax the empty multi million dollar empty homes, tax the foreigners, tax the realtors who are making millions off housing, tax the 1% as middle class is squeezed to the point of breaking!

    All of their Elites are living in a bubble, they hang out with their millionaire buddies and hang out in fancy gastown new age restaurants planning the future of Vancouver on the backs of the middle class! Folks like Bob Rennie who is basically suggesting any young person should simply give up owning a home in Vancouver (another supporter of Yes vote).

    As much as Transit is a big problem and issue here, BY FAR, the #1 issue is housing affordability that ALL of our politicians are completely ignoring.

  • Tiktaalik

    We know from the recent Metro Vancouver study that the areas with the highest transportation costs are out in the valley, or the north shore, areas with no rapid transit connections. The differences in affordability are massive. The difference between living in Vancouver, with excellent transit connections and Langley, with weak public transit, is measured in thousands of dollars a year.

    The Provincial government seem to be telling people that the ‘solution’ to affordable housing is to move east to the suburbs. That could be a reasonable solution, but it’s frustrating that they’re not building the proper infrastructure, and so savings are eaten up by excessive transportation costs.

    Post referendum I’ve decided that I don’t think it’s reasonable that the Provincial government has demanded the municipalities pay for this necessary infrastructure. 1/3 each sounds all fair and reasonable, but there’s a big difference in the Province’s ability to pay and what municipalities are able to pay. Municipalities earn just 8 cents per tax dollar. In Ontario the provincial government just announced they’d fund 100% of Hamilton’s new LRT line, and here we all know that the Province will pay 100% of a new Massey Bridge. Why won’t they pay 100% of these new public transit projects too?

  • Tiktaalik

    My interpretation is that we’re clearly not at “rock bottom” yet, where the system is completely dysfunctional, and people are desperate for a solution, and are willing to pay for it. Only UBC students are at this point (totally understandable given the 99 B Line).

    And so we just have to wait until congestion worsens and the problem feels more urgent.

    The problem with this approach is that I feel like the Province would step in with highway expansion and their car oriented solutions, and it’d ruin the region.

  • boohoo

    “All of their Elites are living in a bubble”

    ” Why would they support an Elitist tax who benefited the select few and offered such voters nothing!”

    “It seems like the wealthy urban planning elites can’t just understand that.”

    Like the bike lanes before them, it’s amazing how the method of transportation for the poorest among us can be labeled elite.

    Of course, what this vote tells us is nothing. This was a vote against Christy, this was a vote against the mayors, this was a vote against increased tax of any kind, this was a vote against translink, this was a vote against the elite, blah blah blah. All we do know is we’re back where we started with even less likelihood of forward movement.

    Some people won’t be happy til translink is blown up. Replaced with what you ask? Oh who knows, but surely it can’t be worse right?

  • Kelly M

    This comment reflects the sentiment I heard from many friends and family. For many it was about a firm lack of trust in leaders. . My question is, how do you move forward from that? “I don’t trust them”. Ok, fine. So who do you trust? Under what circumstances would you have voted yes? Can we really expect our leaders to be perfect? And if this becomes the way we look at the world – this idea that nothing can move forward until we can be sure it will be perfect – how will things get done? I find it troubling that this kind of paranoid anti-government sentiment is spreading so much – the result of this plebiscite just makes me more worried.

  • Tiktaalik

    It was surprising and disappointing how often I heard and read the impression that “Langley is getting nothing” alongside the criticism that the valley was paying yet again for transit in Vancouver.

    If a referendum is ever attempted again (unlikely), I wonder if the successful strategy would be to have Vancouver go it alone on the Broadway line earlier, and to frame the tax as a way to pay for transit for the valley, with Vancouver receiving no capital improvements.

  • IanS

    I remain of the view that the impulse behind the the “NO” vote on the transit tax is the same self-destructive impulse behind the rejection of the HST. No matter how much sense it may make, people will not vote in favour of a new or expanded tax. Of course, it didn’t help that the “YES” side ran a hopelessly inept campaign, but still, the vote was doomed from the beginning.

  • A Taxpayer

    If we are the second most expensive city in the world then why is the Mayor proposing to make it more expensive to all those not fortunate enough to work for the city by signing on to the “living wage” folly which is just a payoff to the unions in disguise.

  • Warren12

    Apart from all of the normal points stated here, I think the perfect was the enemy of the good here. Is Translink perfect? No. Are they really good on a global scale? Yes.

    I think the degree of agreement that was necessary for all(most) of the mayors to agree on a plan and a funding source was under-appreciated.

    Many are now calling on them to “raise property taxes instead”, which they can’t legally do to a degree to raise $250M/yr. But more importantly, they will never, ever, ever agree to do so, and to fund the broad range of specific projects that were included as a part of this plan.

    I’m tired of caring what happens. I’d like to see the mayors dig in and do absolutely nothing. This all lands at the feet of Clark and her puppet Todd Stone.

  • Tiktaalik

    This is the viewpoint that the CTF advances and they succeeded in this referendum. Government can never be trusted with money so they deserve none. Government is inherently wasteful and public services are always run “inefficiently” so we should always be cutting funding.

    The end goal of the CTF is a government that provides the bare minimum of public services. This benefits the rich as they can easily pay out of pocket for relatively little in relation to their income, and harms everyone else.

  • Chris K

    The mayors have made noises that they are considering this strategy. But there are two outstanding risks: (1) voter anger about the referendum won’t stick long enough to matter in 2017, and (2) the Province will win a war of attrition by ignoring or financially punishing Metro Vancouver mayors in other ways. It really comes down to leadership of the message, and the mayors are in a more difficult position given the power the Province wields.

  • Chris K

    You’re quoting Rennie out of context. He said, very sanely, that the era of owning a single-family home in the City of Vancouver is over. Do you dispute this?

  • Chris K

    Probably because of divisive politics. The vote supporting the current provincial government is rooted in ridings that do not currently benefit from transit and don’t particularly want to finance it. Look at the 2013 election map: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia_general_election,_2013

    Is it any surprise that the Massey Bridge is being built by provincial fiat, whereas Metro Vancouver transit has been subjected to such exhausting diversions? There’s no political rationale for the Province to offer more if its general revenues for transit, even if it makes for good governance of a growing region.

  • AlexB

    Really? Ofcourse I disagree with him! When average income in Vancouver is $46K, and average house is worth $1.5M, a ratio of 32 to 1 (affordable housing is 5-to-1), then absolutely no LOCAL could be buying at such prices, and it’s all foreign buying. Hence his argument is just not to rock the boat that’s making him cash. Why are we even asking him for affordability? That’s like asking an oil company CEO how to reduce oil consumption?

  • AlexB

    You forgot how the “Yes” side spent $6M of our tax dollars, paid to Vision political party and lobbyist, to run robocalls. This was probably to enrich Vision that went into debt after last election!

  • AlexB

    Even for UBC students, the line stopped 10Km shy of UBC! 🙂

  • AlexB

    Surrey has figure out a way! Maybe if Gregror wasn’t just bitching and moaning and pointing fingers at all levels of government, could have had more help to fund his projects?

    As I said, it’s simply LACK of trust… I live in Vancouver, and I have ZERO trust in Moonbeam as all they do is to enrich the developer buddies.

  • AlexB

    What circumstances, apart from having new people as leaders, if I see ANY change in the way politicians treat my tax dollars, if I see that they would start TAXING foreign buyers and developers who are the main culprit of our housing affordability, if I see they would STOP accepting campaign donations from big corp developers and dirty businesses, if I see ANY positive change and cost cutting at Translink… then I may trust their intentions for asking for more of my hard earned money!

  • AlexB

    Again, Gregor can’t blame Feds and province for everything (he’s famous for finger pointing) and then expect them to turn around to give him Billions of dollars! Surrey with P3, and Federal help is being VERY SMART about it. Good for them!

  • Tiktaalik

    Surrey’s plan is pretty much to hope that Diane Watts can get them money when she’s voted in as an MP. It’s an ok plan I guess.

  • Kirk

    The City is being a good employer and leading by example. It costs more to live here, so the City is upping their pay. poke poke poke

  • AlexB

    What are you talking about? I don’t even know what’s CTF. I’ve lived in Copenhagen with incredible level of tax, BUT every single dime was spent wisely, they have an incredible living standard, and no one took a dime from big business or ruined their heritage and city to make a buck by building condos for foreigner!

  • A Taxpayer

    No one associated with transit comes off looking stellar but the Mayors are responsible for creating the mess they find themselves in today.

    If the Transit Plan was vital to the well being of Metro Vancouver, then it was incumbent on the Mayors to find the funding for Metro Vancouver’s share of the cost of the Transit Plan even if that meant increasing property taxes. In fact, if they had presented the plebiscite in that context (vote for a sales tax or face property tax increases) the plebiscite would have easily passed. Further, it would remove all the other considerations – Translink performance, governance, etc – and clearly limit the vote to a choice of funding sources. Either the Mayors don’t have the intelligence to figure this out (possible), they are cowards who feared any heat from the voters (more likely) or they are playing another game and at least some Mayors wanted the plebiscite to fail.

  • A Taxpayer

    This assumes that all the employees that will benefit live in the City which is unlikely and does nothing for the residents who live in Vancouver but don’t work for the City. In fact, their cost of living will increase as they must pay for the “living wage” through their property taxes.

    As well, just think what is going to happen when the person earning $20.00 per hour working alongside someone making $16.00 wakes up and finds they are both making the same wage. Next contract, all wages will be negotiated off the $20.00 base and will just increase the difference between public and private compensation. As a bonus, it will make it more difficult to contract out any city work. These are the only reasons the unions are leading the charge.

  • spartikus

    For years, their govt didnt understand that if you just don’t have enough money, you cant have everything. You just can’t.

    For years, commenters on the internet feel the need to comment on Greece without knowing the facts or the history. Greece was overspending [LINK], but not in large way and one that could be easily adjusted if it hadn’t been part of the EU and had it’s own currency and control over monetary policy.

    As for history, post-war Greece is a country that has endured civil war and military dictatorship. Overspending on the military and generous public sector benefits may have been textbook economics, but they weren’t trying to balance the books rather than maintain the political peace.

    Also/and, perspective:

  • Jeff Leigh

    Why will it make it more difficult to contract out work by the City?

  • Look Deeper

    I couldn’t agree more. I am gradually reaching the conclusion that Gregor really is a moonbeam — judging by his performance our Mayor is just not that smart. He cannot deal with complex issues — though I don’t believe the transit referendum was all that complicated but Moonbeam and the leadership of the YES side just didn’t get it. And unbelievably they didn’t get it when the key negative issues surfaced in the first few weeks. Absolutely no politically astute leadership. A true politician knows how to read his constituancy and how to build support. Gregor does not know how to do either. And the net result is that he is a puppet of elites.

  • Look Deeper

    It saddens me when I read comments that suggest that the collective view of our fellow citizens (the result) was based on the ignorance or narrow views of the majority. I have much more faith in our collective wisdom than that. I thank the Province for giving the average citizen a say on this issue — the elites are sent a bit of a message. I understand the argument that we cannot put every issue to such a referendum and in some sense this issue looks like it was singled out. However, I note that it is not everyday when one level of government (the municipalities) call for an increase in taxes by another level of government (the Province) to pay for their priorities. If the Mayors really believed in their plan — its urgency — they have the ability to raise their own taxes to pay for their share.

    As someone that was calling for accountability, I would have voted “yes” for a property tax increase because at least then I know our Mayor/mayors would be accountable (at the ballot box) for the end result. I realize that a property tax is “imperfect” but for me accountability is more important than “perfection” in tax collection.

    And to those throwing stones at the folks in Surrey and Langley– who among us thinks it is fair to impose another tax on the folks paying the only bridge toll in the region. You don’t have to be a rocket scientist to anticipate that this would be a “tough sell”.

  • A Taxpayer

    Two reasons. First, it makes it more difficult for a private company to offer a lower cost alternative if everyone is starting at a $20.00 floor for wages. Second, a private company operating in multiple jurisdictions may find it is impossible to maintain separate pay scales for the same work done in different cities and choose not to bid.

  • boohoo

    “A true politician knows how to read his constituancy and how to build support. ”

    Like getting elected, and then re-elected?

  • A Taxpayer

    I don’t know where you got this data but it is grossly inaccurate. Most analyses only look at the amount of monies advanced to the Banks (often through the purchase of preferred shares which were redeemed when the banks recapitalized) but rarely do they consider the funds that have been returned to governments.

    See here for an accounting of the Tarp money. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program

    As for Greece, they chose to join the EU and adopt the Euro (even if they had to cook the books to qualify) and then went crazy with the cheap money made available because of the credibility that the Euro gave them. (and they continued to cook the books until the financial crisis in 2008). It is quite a stretch to suggest they needed to offer retirement at 50 and 14 “monthly” cheques to the public sector workers to “maintain the political peace” and avoid a military coup.

  • IanS

    I have to agree with boohoo on this. Gregor Robertson is a true politician.

  • spartikus

    A Taxpayer: You’re grossly inaccurate! I won’t directly say the numbers are wrong or anything or mention the “Greek bailout” is actually the “Greek creditors bailout” (ie. German and French banks) or explain why Citigroup & Morgan Stanley were worthy of our generosity without any moral…or more importantly…legal judgement…

    …but I digress.

    It is quite a stretch to suggest they needed to offer retirement at 50

    I don’t know where you’re getting your information, but it’s grossly inaccurate. The story of Greek pensions is not a simple one and is oft misunderstood. [LINK]

    But then, as is often the case with people like you, when the big people make mistakes you make the little people pay. In blood and tears.

  • A Taxpayer

    The difference is that the financial crisis of 2008 was one of liquidity as much as it was of impaired assets which is why so most of the funding was repaid. In the case of Greece, the money is gone and can never find its way back to the treasuries of the rest of the EU.

    But progressives never let the facts get in the way of the narrative they choose to believe, do they.

  • Voony

    Sartikus writes: A Taxpayer: You’re grossly inaccurate! I won’t directly say the numbers are wrong

    so why taxpayer is grossly inaccurate and not Spartikus?

    The wikipedia source seems more credible than a graph popping up of nowhere, isn’it?

    According to this french link, the greek debt is mainly owned by the European taxpayer, and already close to half of the greek debt has been cancelled.

    the EU also invests lot of money in Greece, i.e. the athens subway has mainly been built on European development fund…

    Greece has the biggest military budget (in term of GDP) of all Europe…while it still exempt of tax the second landowner of the country (that is the church). Btw, Not only the church is not taxed, but its clergy is still paid by the government

    Whether the little people of Greece pay in blood and tears to preserve the Army and the Church of austerity is a Greek choice. May be they could start to address that first…

  • A Taxpayer

    I must admit calling your neat little graph “grossly inaccurate” was a gross understatement. Your figures show that the total bailout to the big four – City Group, Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch and Bank of America – totaled about $8 TRILLION. Seriously?

    Here’s another inconvenient fact for you. The UK used a lot of taxpayer money to support their financial system. How did that turn out?

    http://blogs.channel4.com/factcheck/factcheck-profit-bank-bailouts/21010

    The argument now is whether the UK taxpayer made a profit on the bailout or suffered a small loss when you consider the costs of financing the bailout.

  • spartikus

    Seriously?

    Seriously [LINK]

  • Warren12

    The province could easily be singing a different tune in 2 years with the NDP in power.

    I certainly hope Metro Vancouver transportation becomes a real provincial issue in 2017.

  • Warren12

    What does that even mean?

  • Warren12

    Same with Clark. But they are just on opposite sides of the issue.

    Hepner on the other hand looks like a fool.

  • A Taxpayer

    You should really read more than the front page of an
    article that might appear to support your position if you want to avoid further embarrassment.

    First, your graph added up to $8 trillion and purported to show the bailout for just 4 banks while your new reference deals with the total exposure of the US Government. So yes, your first graph was grossly inaccurate and your new information does nothing
    to counter that.

    Second, you really need to understand the difference between the financial risk the governments took on during the financial crisis and the ultimate cost to the taxpayer. Let’stake a look at the detail behind your grand $9 trillion dollar bailout.

    – The Government agreed to backstop Money Market
    funds which did create a risk of $3 trillion. This was necessary to provide liquidity should any fund experience excessive redemptions. Outcome: “The guarantee program ended on September 18, 2009, with no losses and generated $1.2 billion in revenue from the participation fees.”

    – The Government agreed to backstop the Commercial Paper market which had a value of $1.6 trillion in 2008, again to provide liquidity. Outcome: “The
    program, which lent $150 billion in its first 10 days of operation, was wound down with no credit losses to the Federal Reserve.”

    – The Government agreed to purchase debt from
    Fanny Mae and Freddie Mac which the NY Times listed as a $1.6 Trillion exposure. Considering that many of the problems of these two organizations stemmed from Government mandates to increase home ownership of low income earners there was some obligation to
    provide this support. Outcome: I cannot find any reference to costs to the Government for any purchases made under this program.

    – The Government agreed to provide loans under
    the Term Asset Backed Loan Fund (TALF) which the NY Times article assigned a risk of $900 billion. Outcome: “There was never more than $49 billion outstanding and to May 2011 the Treasury earned
    $1.2 billion in interest”

    – The Government announced the Public Private
    Investment Fund that would buy up to $900 billion in assets from banks. Outcome: Funding was not needed.

    – The Government took over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with an estimated exposure of $400 billion. Outcome: $189 billion was advanced from Treasury and
    to September 30, 2014, $185 billion had been returned to Treasury.

    – The Government created the Troubled Asset
    Recovery Program (TARP) with an exposure of $700 billion. Outcome: see earlier reference.

    – The Government provided funding to AIG totalling
    $182 billion. Outcome: By 2012, $205 billion had been returned to Treasury.

    Clearly, while the Government had significant exposure
    during the financial crisis, it was mostly contingent and caused by lack of liquidity in the market. Comparing the
    real financial exposure to Greek debt to the contingent liabilities of the financial crisis is grossly misleading.

  • A Taxpayer

    My apologies. I just realized that if you really don’t understand the concept of liquidity, then I have done nothing to remedy that. Let me try with a simple comparison.

    Let’s say you are a home owner whose mortgage is up for renewal. Shouldn’t be a problem as you have a gold plated public sector job and 50% equity in your home. Unfortunately, the Bank needs its money back because their customers want their money back. In fact, this is the same for all the banks you approach and nobody can fund your mortgage. So along comes the Government who extends you a mortgage and you make payments to the Government. Did the Government bail you out? How about if the Government lent the money to your Bank so they could renew your mortgage. Did the Government bail out the Bank or did they bail you out?

    Contrast that to someone who has consistently lived beyond their means and financed it on their credit cards. Minimum payments were met so the credit kept coming until the limit was finally exhausted and no more credit was extended but the credit card company still wanted their money back.

    The first situation is a fair characterization of the majority of government assistance in 2008 and the second situation is Greece.

  • spartikus

    [Eyesroll] I understand the points you are trying to make and they’re just (not very subtle) attempts to change the subject. Greek debt is, as the chart showed, not large when compared to the losses of private companies in 2008. Did the various governments recover money? Yes (and it’s very precious for you to say this from the perspective of 2015 when at the time the bailouts were made it was far from clear the money would ever be recovered). And it’s besides the point. The money was made available. The conditions were not onerous. No one went to jail.

    Except for those who view economics as a morality play, helping Greece wouldn’t be a loss either. Of course the hardliners in the EU don’t want to admit the Euro and the European Union are fundamentally flawed as currently designed and that’s why we’re here.

    The original poster said Greece was the “bad actor”. I merely pointed out the scale, the history, who was actually being bailed out and who was being made to pay for it.

  • A Taxpayer

    “Greek debt is, as the chart showed, not large when compared to the losses of private companies in 2008”

    You are just not going to stop digging that hole deeper, are you.

    The chart was captioned “Greek Debt compared to Bank Bailouts”. So what is it, Bank Bailouts or losses of private companies? (although I really don’t see what the losses of private companies have to do with Greece)

    Oh wait a minute. The chart shows a “loss” for Citigroup of around $2.5 TRILLION. So what do the financial statements of Citigroup show for income (loss)?

    2008 – (29 Billion); 2009 – (9 Billion); 2010 – 11 Billion; 2011 – 11 Billion; 2012 – 7 Billion; 2013 – 13 Billion; 2014 – 7 Billion

    Not only were the losses only 1.5% of what you are suggesting, they were recovered in the subsequent four years.

    Remind me again of the point that you are trying to make? I am not trying to change the subject – you put that chart out there to make your point which is a bit of a moving target.

    Want to try again? Maybe 3rd time lucky?

  • spartikus

    Good grief, the chart does not show “a loss”. It shows how much Citibank borrowed from the US Government [LINK]. And yes, it’s been paid back.

  • A Taxpayer

    I did not say the chart shows a loss, you did remember:

    “Greek debt is, as the chart showed, not large when compared to the losses of private companies in 2008”

    Oh, I see now from your new link that you have discovered the source of that chart which you are pretending you knew all along. Unfortunately, it is not very helpful to your case:

    “So an overnight loan under the Primary Deal Credit Facility (PDCF) of $10 million which was renewed daily for a month might count as $300 million of loans.”

    So although the risk to the taxpayer was never more that $10 million, it would be included in your chart as $300 million. This is like saying if you have a series of one year mortgages of $100,000 over a period of 5 years you have borrowed $500,000 from the bank while your neighbor who had a 5 year mortgage of $100,000 over the same period only borrowed $100,000 from the bank. Good grief, not a very meaningful comparison, is it.

    I think that is three strikes and you’re out and you will gracefully retire from this topic. Not your finest hour.

  • spartikus

    If you say so. Nevertheless, despite your protestations and bobbing and weaving and ignoring the main point Citibank was bailed out borrowed $2.5 trillion dollars to cover…something. Certainly not anything they did.

    The chart was accurate.